Explosive-engine.



PATENTED JULY 30, 1907.

L. PASCHALL. EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLIGATION FILED Arma. 1905.

5 SHEETS--SHEET 1.

No. 861,763. PATENTED JULY 30, 1907.

L. PASGHALL. EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. B. 1905.

l A32 23 El 5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Snowdon witwooy W mk attentat Forcednil su pl v p y PATENTED JULY 30, 1907.

L. PASGHALL. EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APB..B. 1905.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

@Rouwg No. 861,763. PA'IENTED JULY 30, 1907.

L. PASGHALL.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. B. 1905.

5 SHEETS-SIIEET 4.

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M MM Gtto'mm PATENTED JULY 30, 1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

L PASGHALL EXPLOSIVE ENGINE. APPLIGAT'ION FILED una. 1905.

w QN w UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. l IYNNE PAsoHALL, oF SPRINGFIELD, oHIo, AssIGNoR To PATEICKVJ. sEoUVLIN, oF i SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.

. EXPLosIvE-ENGINE..

No'. 861,763.- y

To all ivhom 'it may concern:

Be it known that'I, LYNNE PAsoHALL, a citizen of` the United States, residing at Springfield, in the county of Clark and State of Ohio, have inventedcerltain new and useful Improvements in Explosive-Engines, of which the following is a specification, referthen particularlypoint out in the claims.

ence being had therein to theaccompanying drawings. This invention relates to explosive engines,l and has for its object to provide an engine of the explosivetype in which crudeoil can be used, either alone or in connection with gas, as a fuel. More specifically, the invention relates to that `class of oil engines in which the oil is sprayed into a retort connected with the cylinf der by a contracted passageway, the heat of the retort acting to 'ignite the explosive mixture when compressed. The invention consists in certain novelfea-j tures which I will now proceed to describe and will In the accompanying d raWings,IFigure 1 is aside elevation of. a'structure embodying .my invention in.

one form, the hood being shown in centralvertical section; Fig. 2 is a detail plan view of the lhood anda portion of the retort to which it is applied; Fig. 3 is a central vertical section, taken longitudinally through the retort, hood and cylinder end, the plane of section being diverted diagonallythrough'the lower` portion of the inner section of the retort so as to show the sprayer;

Fig. 4 is a transverse setional view throughl the inner section of the retort, taken on the line t t of Fig. 3 and looking in the direction ofthe arrows; Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the pump audits associated'rmecharrism `and supporting bracket, the cam Ashaft. being shown in sectidn; Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the same, with the cam shaft omitted; Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail sectional view, taken on the line :t :t of Fig. 9 and looking in the p directionof .the arrows; Fig. '8 is a front elevation of the pump, detached, the body thereof being in section upon the line y y of Fig. 9 and looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the oil relief l or safety device, the plane of section corresponding to that 'of Fig. 8; and Fig. l0 is a detail sectional View,

.` taken o n the line z z of Fig. 9 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

I n the said drawings, I have shown my improve- 'mentsv as applied to a well known type of explosive engine, operating on the four-cycle principle, the same comprising a base 1 on which is mounted a cylinder 2, water-jacketed in the usual manner. The cylinder head 3 is provided with an aperture or passage 4 of relatively small diameter, whereby the interior of the cylinder is placed in constantly open communication with the ,interior of the retort 5. The retort is constructed of two sections, 6 and 7, of which the section 6, Iy'mg immediateiy adjacent to the cylinder head, is

Specification of Letters Patent. Applicants sled rpm s, 1905. serial No. 254.437.

Patented July 30, 1907.

provided with an internal space 8 to receive the water which forms awater-jacket therefor, the same being supplied by an inlet pipe 9 andcarried off by an outlet pipe 10'. The outermost section? of the retort is not water-jacketed, and is secured to section 6 by means of. stud bolts 1l. These bolts have their inner 'ends threaded into the-cylinder `head 3, and extend out through sleeves 12 in the retort section 6, and through i thereby preventing any escape of water from the waterjacket. space of the cylinder head through the core openings 17 formed therein.l

The water-jacketing of the inner section of the retort serves to keep down its temperature and prevent premature` firing of the charge. The outer section 7 is heated to a relatively high temperature, so as v-to effect the ignition of the charge when the mixture in said outer portion has received the prper quantity of air during compression. To maintain the temperature of the outer section 7, the same is inclosed in a hoodr18,

which is open at the bottom and `closed at the sides and top,one side being closed by the body of the retort, over which the hood fits. In practice, the open sidevoffthe hood fits over the flange 13, andis secured in p'ositiorff"y by-setscrews, 19, passing through the hood on each side thereof and engaging recesses 20 in the ange. This hood serves to retain the heat of the section 7 and prevent its cooling by radiation to tool low a temperature.

Provision is also made, however, for preventing over? heating of the outer section of the retort, by meansof an opening in the top of the hood, controlledl by a damper, so that, by opening said damper more orI less,

a greater or less quantity of air may be permitted to pass up through the hood and thus reduce the temperature to the desired extent. Thev opening is indicated at 21, and is provided with the usual fixed slotted plate 22, upon which is pivoted a correspondingly slotted plate 23, which may be so turned asto cause rits apertures to rQister more or less with those of the fixed plate 22. This dampered aperture is also of utility in connection with the starting of `the engine, which is effected by heating the outer end of the retort by means of a suitable lamp or torch. By opening the damper,

the retort may. be readily heated by placing the torch below'it without removing the hood, since the draft passage 'thus formed avoids the necessity of-such removal. When removal of the hood is necessary, however, it -is readily effected by simply loosening the two set screws 19. Similarly, access may be readily had to the interior of the retort when necessary either for the inspection or cleaning out of the same, by removing the nuts 1.4 and slipping the section 7 voff ofthe stud bolts 1l. l l

The oil is injected into\the retort through a sprayer,

` by means of which the oil`is delivered into the interior of the retort in the form of a fine spray, so as to be more readily vaporized by the heat thereof. The sprayer is indicated as whole by the reference numeral 24,

and it is inserted in a sleeve-like recess 25, formedto receive the same in .the water-jalcketed portion of 'the retort, so that the sprayer is surrounded by the water-jacket of the retort and overheating of the sprayer :and the oil therein is prevented. The sprayer is arranged in an inclined position relatively to the longid tudinal axis of the retort, being so placed that its discharge is directed toward and into the Vouter section 7 of the retort, and preferably toward the top thereof, which is the hottest part. By reason of this arrangement, while the sprayer is cooled by the water-jacket Iof one section of the'retort, the spray of oil is delivered into the other or hottest section in sucha way as to be more promptlyvaporized.

The retort is provided in its under side with an opening 26, preferably formed through the outer section 7 of the retort, from which opening a pipe 27 extends down ward, said pipe being provided with a valve 28. This provides a means for draining the interior of the retort in case of any accumulation of unconsumed residuum therein, as well as a means for determining whether such residuum exists.

Referring now to the sprayer, it is, as hereinbefore stated, inserted in a recess 25 formed to receive it in the jacketed portion of the retort. Said recess is preferably circular in cross section, and the sprayer has a correspondingly shaped cylindrical body 29 to fit said recess, and a flanged head 30, toreceive the screw bolts 31 by means of which it is secured in position. The removal of these screw bolts permits the entire sprayer to be readily withdrawn from its recess for inspection or repair. v *t A suitable sleeve or nipple 52 is secured to the outer end of the vapori-zer 24 in any suitable manner, and to this sleeve 52 there is brazed, or otherwise connected, the discharge end of a pipe or conduit54, preferably of brass, connected at its other end to the oil pump.

As already stated, oil is supplied to the sprayer by a pump, andA said pump and its associated mechanisms are mounted upon a bracket 55, secured to the base l at one side thereof. 56 indicates the barrel or cylinder of the pump, which is provided with lateral flanges 57, by means of which it is bolted to the face of the bracket `55 at the lower end thereof. The bore of the pump cylinder preferably extends entirely through the same, being closed at its lower end by a screw plug 58, while the upperAend is provided with a stuffing box, the gland 59 of which has a cover 60 which is threaded onto the upper end, of the pump cylinder. At the lower end of said cylinder there is provided on one side a lateral e'xtension 61, in which is formed the inlet valve chamber.

62, closed at the top by a screw plug G3 having the full width of the chamber. A connection 64 tb the oil supply communicates with the inlet 62 through a passage 65 provided with a valve seat 66 to receive a ball valve 67.. On the other side of its lower end the pump cylinder is provided with an extension 68, having an outlet valve chamber 69, closed at its top by a screw plug of the full'lwidth of the chamber. An inlet port 71 extends rom the valve chamber 62 4to the lower cnd of the pump cylinder, and an outlet port 72 extends from the' lower end of the pump to the outlet valve chamber, 69, communicating therewith by a passage 73, having a valve seat 74 to receive the ball valve 75. The outlet valvechamber 69 communicates with the supply pipe 54 through a threaded opening 76 in the manner hereinafter described. The pump plunger consists of a cylindrical rod or bar 77,of equal diameter throughout its length, fitting the interior of the cylinder and extending up through and beyond the stuffing box to a point where its upper end is in operative relations with its actuating-mechanism. This upward extension of the pump plunger passes through and is guided by separated lugs 78 and 79 on the bracket'55. Below th e upper lug 79 the plunger is provided with a collar S0 secured thereon, and a spring 81r is coiled around the plunger between said collar and the lower guiding lug 7 8, said spring holding the plunger normally atits upward limit of motion, which is determined by the collar 80. The lug 78 is located at a distance above the body of the pump sufficient to permit the cover' 60 of the stufiing box to be'unscrewed and lifted up so as Ito give access to tlie boit for repacking it when necessary without requiring the removal of either cylinder or plunger. It will be seen that the pump just described is simple and inexpensive in construction and readily accessible as to all of its parts forinspcction, cleaning or repairs.

Provision is made to prevent injury to the oil supply pipe or conduit 54 and sprayer, in case of accidental stoppage or obstruction of those parts, by means of a release or sai'ety valve connected to the pump and oper ating to divert the oil from the pipe 54 and return/it to the source of supply in case the oil delivered from the -pump meets more than a predetermined resistance.

This relief device comprises a tube 82, threaded at one end, as indicated 'at 83, to enter the outlet aperture 76 Y of the pump, its other end being externally threaded to receive the sleeve nut 84 oi' a flange union th e sleeve 85 of which is brazed or otherwise connected to the reeoiv` ing end of the pipe 54. ("onnected to the tube 82 at right angles therewith is a second tube 86, communieating with the passage through the tube 82 by means of a needle` or tapering valve-seat 87. ingly tapering or needle valve 88 is mounted in the tube 86, being held to its seat by a, spring 8S), coiled around its stem 90 and bearing atits lower end against the back of `the valve 88, while its upper end bears against a bushing 91, which is vertically adjustable. in the tube 86. I Khave, shown the bushing as being adapted to be secured in position after adjustment by a set screw 92. The valve stem 90, where it passes through the bushing, which guides it, is fiattened or otherwise so formed as to permit the passage of the oil. pipe 93 is connected to the upper end of the tube 86 and leads back to the oil tank or other source of supply. It will bc seen that the spring 89 may be adjusted, by means of the bushing 91, so as to vhold the valve 8S to its seat against the normal pressure ol' ,the oil deliv- A Correspondered by the pump, the adjustment of said spring being such that when a predetermined pressure is exceeded, the oil will be diverted through the relief valve and pipeV 93 back to the tank, thus preventing injury to the pipe 54 or sprayer. i

The amount of oil delivered tothe retort is automatically controlled by means of a governor through mechanism which varies the length of strokeof the pump plunger to conform to the conditions to be met. The engine is provided with the usual side or cam shaft 94,

. driven from the engine shaft and operating the valves and governor in any suitable way. Upon the shaft 94 there is secured a cam 95, which operates the pump plunger through the medium vof an intervening lever 96. This lever is pivoted at its inner end between lugs 97 on the bracket 55 above the lug 79, and extends thence outward in the path of the cam 95 and above the upper end of the plunger 77, its outer end term/inating in a handle portion 98, by means of which it may be operated by hand in starting the engine. The lever 96 is provided with an antifriction roller 99 with which the caln 95 engages, said. antifriction roller being mounted to rotatein a recess 100, formed in the body f of the lever and adapted to be filled with oil, so that the.

the lever ,96 is depressed by reason of the contact of the cam 95 with the roller 99. It will be seen that the stroke of 'the pump may be primarily adjusted by means of thetappet 101, which will project the roller v 99 more or less into the path of the cam 95, and thus give the pump a longer or a shorter stroke. This adjustment may be readily effected While the engine is in opera-l tion. the lever 96 being depressedout of the path of the cam, if necessary, by grasping its handle portion 98. The tappet 101 is provided with a pin 104, passing] through its upper end above the lever 96 and Aserving to prevent the tappet from moving down far enough, A accidentally or otherwise, to strike the lug'f79- and thereby cause breakage. A

The primary adjustment of the stroke of the' Pump through the tappet 101 serves to regulate the supply of oil to meet the general conditions under which the engine is operating. The special conditions, Asuch as variations of load, etc., are provided for by the governor control .hereinbefoie referred to. The governor. indicated as a whole by the reference numeral 105, is driven from the shaft 94 by the gearing shown, and is connected to one end of a lever 106, which, in the present instance, is shown as controlling a throttlevalve 107 by means of a link 108. This throttle valve controls the supply of air to the engine, and also the supply of the mixed air and gas when gas is used, either wholly or in part, as a fuel. To the end of` the lever 106 opposite that to which the governor is connected there is pivoted one end of a link 109, the other end of which link is piv, oted to one end of a lever 110, which lever is pivoted between its ends, at 111, to a lug 112 extending laterally.,

from the bracket 55. The other end of the lever 110 is provided with a counter-weight 113` to balance the gov- Vernor connections. The lever 110 is provided with a wedge-shaped portion' or inclined face 114, whichv moves between a suitable abutment 115 on the bracket 55 and an arm or lug 116 on the lever 96. When the parts are running under normal load, the lever 110 is raised to a position such that the Wedge 114 is out of the path of the projection 116, and the lever 96 is fr/ee to rise to the highest point to which the spring 81 is permitted by the collar 80 to lift it, Asaid highest point being greater or less extent between the abutment'115` and projection 116, and limiting to a corresponding extent the upward motion of the lever 96, correspondingly decreasing the length of stroke of the pump and the supply of oil to the retort. By reason of this construction, the speed of the engine can be automatically governed with great nicety, the inclined face of the Wedge-like portion of theV lever 110 posi-4 tively regulating with great exactness the length of stroke of the pump plunger, and increasing or decreasing the same, under the control of the governor,- to meet existing conditions.

The general operation of the engine requires no description here, since 1the operation of the several mechanisms has been fully described in eonsideringtheir detail constructions., In practice, it has been found that the engine operates successfully with crude petroleum alone as a fuel, and also in connection with gas' employed along with the. oil. The engine shown receives air into the cylinder through an air inlet pipe 117, whence litpasses through a mixer 118, and isthere mixed with gassupplied through an inlet'pipe '119, in case gas is used. The supply of air, or air and gas, is

controlled from the governor, as already stated, by the v cylinder through an inlet port 121. The engine is, of

course, provided with the usual exhaust valve, operated from the shaft 94 by means of a cam 122. The

parts are preferably so timed that the cam 95 depresses the lever 96 at the'beginning of the charging stroke of the engine ypiston. 123 so that the oil is sprayed into the retort and vaporized-at the earliest possible moment, lthe vapor being subsequently compressed and mixed with sufcient air to cause the explosion `at the end of the next or compression stroke, in the-manner usual in engines of this class. i i I do not wish` to be 'understdod as limiting myself strictly tothe precise details of construction hereinbefore'described and shown in the accompanying drawings, as it is obvious that these details may be varied 4Without departing from the principle of my invention.

I make no claim in the present application to these features of theconstruction hereinbefore described relating to the spraying or vaporizi'ng and ingiting de- 'vices and the construction of the retort. .y

' ger 1o depress the saine against tlic -spr Having thus fully described my invention7 what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent isz- 1. In an explosive engine of the character described, the

combination, with a retort, a sprayer discharging iito thel Asame, an oil pump and an oil supply pipe connecting the 'pump and sprayer, of an oil' release device comprising a tube forming a part of the oil supply pipe and provided with a needle valve opening, and a second tube -with which said4 opening communicates, a needle valve arranged in said second tube, a spring acting to close said needle valve. and adjusting means carried by said second tube within the same to forni an abutment for said spring and movable longitudinally thereof to regulate the `tension of s'iid spring said adjusting means comprising' an adjustable bushingmounted within the tube andforming an abut ment for'the spring and a guide for the valve stem,f substantially as described.

2. In an explosive engine of the character described, the combination, with a retort, a sprayer discharging into the saine, and an oil pump for supplyingvthe sprayer, provided with a spring-lifted plunger, of a level' engaging said plunger to depress the same against the spring, a cani driven by the engine and engaging the lever' to depress thc same,4

a governor, and a'controlling lever actuated b v said governor and provided witlinicans for limiting the motion of the pump actuating lever into the path ot the -cani, substantially as described. y

It. ln an explosive engine ot' the character described, the combination, with a retort, a sprayer discharging iiilo the same, and an oil pump for supplying the sprayer provided with a spring-lifted plunger, ot a lever e "ing' said pliiiiing, a cani driven by the engine and engaging the lever tio depress thc saine, a governor, and a controlling lever actuated by said goveriior and provided with means for limiting the motion of the pump actuating lever into the path ot' the cam, said means comprising an inclined surface upon the controlling lever-and a projection upon the pump' actuating level', into ille path of which said inclined surface is moved by the governor, substantially :is des i'ibe'd.

4. ln an explosive engine of the character described, the combination, with a re'tort, a sp aycr discharging into thc same. and an oil pump l'or supplying -the sprayer. provided with a spring-lifted plunger. of a lever engaging said plniiger to deprcssthe saine against the spring, acam driven by the engine and engaging the lever to depress 'the same, a governor, and a controlling lever actuated by said gov` crnor and provided with means for limiting the motion of the pump actuating lever into' the path ot the cam. said means comprising a projection on the pump actuating lever. a fixed abutment', and a wedge. on the controlling lever movable int'o the path ot said projection between it v.and the abutment, substantially s described.

In an explosive engine'olf the character described, the coinbiiiatit'in` with a retort, a sprayer discharging into thn saiiie,.:ind an oil pump for supplying the sprayer, provided wit'lra spring-lifted plunger, of a lever engaging said pliiiiger lo depress the same gainst the spring, an antitriction roller mounted in said lever. and a cani driven by the engine aid adapted t'i eiigagcvs'aid antit'riction roller to de- )ii-ess the lever. said lever being provided with a recess forming an oil bath in which said antitriction 'roller is mounted. substantially as described.

ti. lnan explosive engine ot' the ch: 'acter described. the combination. with a retort. a sprayer discharging into thc same, and an oil pump for supplying thc sprayer, provided lwith a spring-lifted plunger and having a stutiingr box at yits upper end provided with a detachable cover through which the plunger passes, ot' a bracket on which said punip is mounted, said bracket' having two lugs through which the plunger passes the lower lug located at a distance above the pump sulhcient. to pei'niit: the stalling box cap to b e raised to give access to the stutling box, the pliiiiger being provided willi :i collar below the upper lugfand a spring coiled around the plunger and bearing against said collar and the lower lug, substantially as. described.

7. ln an explosive engine of the character described. a cylinder liaving an air inlet and a throttle valve controlling the same, a retortcommunicating withsaid cylinder through a contracted passage, :i sprayer Vd' .harging into said retort, an oil pump supplying said sprayer and pro vided willi a spring-lifted plunger, a lever engaging said plunger to depiiv s the same against the spring. a shaft'. driven by the engine and provided with alcani to en e the lever lo depress the same, a governor driven by shaft, a governing lever actuated by the governor and con nect'ed to the throttle valve to control the same, and a controlling levenconnected to the governing lever so as to be actuated thereby and provided with means for controlling thevcxtcnt. ot engagement 0f the pump actuating lever and cam, substantially as described.

ln testimony whereof, l atlx my Signature in presence of two witnesses.

.LYNNIG l'ASCllAlili.

Witnesses I ll. t). ll.\t:.\i\', liivixi-i Miimrnz. 

